I am not sure whether you can confirm a data directory for PostgreSQL during Ubuntu installation, but anyway, I ended up with the data directory located in the default location.
For some database experiments that I expect to be quite harddisk-consuming, I want to PostgreSQL to store this database on a different volume.
Following the comments on this question on SO and this answer on DBA, I first created a directory for PostgreSQL:
me@ubuntu:/mnt/mydisk$ mkdir postgres
me@ubuntu:/mnt/mydisk$ cd postgres
me@ubuntu:/mnt/mydisk/postgres$ mkdir data
me@ubuntu:/mnt/mydisk/postgres$ sudo chmod -R 700 /mnt/mydisk/postgres/data
me@ubuntu:/mnt/mydisk/postgres$ chown -R postgres:postgres /mnt/mydisk/postgres/data
Then, I opened the PostgreSQL prompt to create a TABLESPACE
me@ubuntu $ sudo su postgres
postgres@ubuntu$ psql
postgres=# CREATE TABLESPACE mydisktablespace LOCATION '/mnt/mydisk/postgres/data';
CREATE TABLESPACE
Next, I created a database on the new tablespace
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE mydatabase WITH ENCODING 'UTF8' TABLESPACE mydisktablespace;
CREATE DATABASE
and successfully connected to the database using DBeaver.
Apparently, you can also move an existing database to a new tablespace using the ALTER DATABASE SET TABLESPACE
command, which I will do for the existing databases just to clean up some space.