Category Archives: Internet ends here

Opening .url Files in Ubuntu

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When browsing the web with Chrome for Android, I save the URLs on my Nextcloud server by sharing using the Nextcloud App. Each URL is then stored as a .url file looking like this

[InternetShortcut]
URL=https://devio.wordpress.com/

Today I noticed that those .url files cannot be opened on Ubuntu, i.e. a double-click won’t start a browser with the contained URL.

Instead, I get a an error dialog

Could not display “<HTML page title>.url”.

There is no application installed for “Internet shortcut” files.
Do you want to search for an application to open this file?

No     Yes

Screenshot from 2020-03-22 07-40-58.png

Clicking the Yes button, a toast message appears

mimetype required.png

which you have to click before it disappears, which finally opens the software installer:

unable to find software.png

Not good.

Surprisingly, Firefox does not register itself as an application to handle the .url file extension on Ubuntu. It also does not know that the Windows Firefox would know how to open the file.

More surprisingly, Ubuntu knows that .url files are “Internet shortcut” files, and have the associated MIME type application/x-mswinurl.

So I had to solve two problems:

  • Retrieve the URL stored in a .url file
  • Start Firefox using this URL using Ubuntu’s MIME type handling

Retrieving the URL stored in a .url file

As shown above, a .url file is simply a text file in .ini format. In it’s simplest form, it contains a section [InternetShortcut] with a single Key “URL=”. The key’s value is the URL to navigate to.

With a little help from askubuntu, I figured out the command to extract the URL value

grep -Po 'URL=\K[^ ]+' *.url

Using the result of the grep operation as argument for firefox would look something like this:

firefox `grep -Po 'URL=\K[^ ]+' "$1"`

After a bit of digging, I found how you can manually add MIME type handlers in Ubuntu. Following those instructions, I created a file

/usr/share/applications/mswinurl.desktop

(you need sudo in this directory) with the following content (spoiler: don’t copy this yet!):

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Firefox Shortcut
GenericName=Firefox Shortcut

Type=Application
Exec=firefox `grep -Po 'URL=\K[^ ]+' %U`
TryExec=firefox
MimeType=application/x-mswinurl;
Icon=firefox

However, this did not work as intended, as I got an error message complaining about the backtick `. So, if I cannot have shell operations in the .desktop file, let’s create a batch file

/usr/local/bin/runurl

and place the shell magic there:

firefox `grep -Po 'URL=\K[^ ]+' "$1"` &

Don’t forget to make the batch file executable using

sudo chmod 755 runurl

and reference the runurl script rather than Firefox in /usr/share/applications/mswinurl.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Firefox Shortcut
GenericName=Firefox Shortcut

Type=Application
Exec=runurl %U
TryExec=firefox
MimeType=application/x-mswinurl;
Icon=firefox

After creating the file, run

 sudo update-desktop-database

to register the new .desktop file.

Double-clicking a .url file now opens the URL in a new Firefox tab.

Online Tools Collection

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Encoding / Decoding

Base64 Decode and Encode – Encode text to base64, decode base64 to text

utf8-decoder – Decode bytes and characters to Unicode character names

HTML entity encoder/decoder – Translate text into HTML entities

Punycoder – Punycode (IDN) converter

Unicode code converter – Convert Unicode text to code point values (hex, UTF-8, etc.)

Images

Favicon Generator – Create favicons from image

ICO Convert – Convert image to .ico format

Palettes and Gradients

Ultimate CSS Gradient Generator – Gradient with 2 or more colors, generates CSS including support for older browsers

CSSmatic – Gradient generator

Paletton Color Scheme Designer – generate palette with up to 4 colors from base color

Parsing

.Net Regex Tester

Online Collaboration

EtherCalc – spreadsheet

Adding SSL Wildcard Certificates to IIS Webs

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As web browsers start to issue warnings on plain http websites if you are asked to input username/password, it’s time to add SSL certificates even on dev/test servers. We can expect more aggressive warnings in the future 😉

Apparently there is a way to create a self-signed certificate built into IIS (screenshot from Windows Server 2008)

iis create certificate

but this seems to create cerficates only for the host name, not for any domain hosted on the machine.

Back to square one, start up a current Linux machine, and make sure your openssl is newer than version 1.0.1f. (Remember Heartbeed?).

The instructions I found to create self-signed certificates are nearly identical (source, source, source)

openssl genrsa 2048 > my-host.key
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3650 -key my-host.key > my-host.cert
# make sure Common Name starts with "*.", e.g. *.my-host.com
openssl x509 -noout -fingerprint -text < my-host.cert > my-host.info
cat my-host.cert my-host.key > my-host.pem

For use in IIS, you need to create a .pfx from these certificate files:

openssl pkcs12 -inkey my-host.pem -in my-host.cert -export -out my-host.pfx

Copy the .pfx to your IIS machine.

In IIS Manager, select “Server Certificates” on the server node, click “Import…” to import the .pfx certificate.

Start up mmc, “File”, “Add/Remove Snap-in”, select “Certificates”, “Add”, “Computer account”, “Finish”, “OK”, (this click orgy shows you how important certificates were in 2008, as compared to Start/Administrative Tools/Data Sources (ODBC) 😉 ) and find the imported certificate(s) under

Console Root\Certificates\Personal\Certificates

Right-click each of them, select Properties, and make sure that the Friendly Name starts with “*.” for wild-card certificates. Otherwise, you cannot assign a host name for https web sites.

Back in IIS Manager, select each site you want to add https support, click Bindings, Add, select Type: https and select the wild-card SSL certificate. Only if the friendly name starts with *, you can/must set the site’s Host name. Click OK and you are done.

If you want your sites to redirect http to https automatically, make sure the Require SSL box is not checked in the site’s SSL Settings.

The minimal web.config to perform these redirects looks like this (source, source)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <rewrite>
      <rules>
        <rule name="Redirect-HTTP-HTTPS-IIS">
          <match url="(.*)" />
          <conditions>
            <add input="{HTTPS}" pattern="^OFF$" ignoreCase="true" />
          </conditions>
          <action type="Redirect" url="https://{HTTP_HOST}/{R:1}" 
            redirectType="Permanent" />
        </rule>
      </rules>
    </rewrite>
  </system.webServer>
</configuration>

Be aware that while these steps enable https for your IIS sites, self-signed certificates still require the users to explicitly accept the certificates in their browsers, which will raise an “Unknown issuer” warning at their first visit.

Update: There also seems to be a Powershell way to do it 😉

Detecting Screen Orientation Change

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Browsers provide different means to detect screen orientation:

Documentation in the Mozilla Developer Network (linked above) states the first to be deprecated but currently still in the WhatWG Living Standard, whereas its documentation on the latter differs from the W3C documentation.

According to documentation, detection of screen orientation change can be achieved by implementing handlers for the events

  • window.orientationchange
  • screen.orientation.change
  • window.matchMedia() listener
  • window.resize

but specific browsers may not support all of these events, with window.resize being the catch-all solution if everything else fails.

So based on SO answers and this blog and this blog I came up with a solution that currently seems to work, and a couple of findings:

  • window.orientation gives the angle on mobile browsers only – desktop browsers always contain 0 (zero).
  • Similarly, window.onorientationchange is only supported by mobile browsers.
  • screen.orientation (and its browser-spezific siblings mozOrientation and msOrientation) contains the angle in its angle property. IE11 does support support screen.orientation on Win7. Mobile Chrome (35) and the Android 4.4.2 Browser do not seem to support it either.
  • Of the browsers I tested, none seem to implement the event screen.orientation.onchange.
  • Orientation change can be detected using the window.matchMedia() listener on both mobile and desktop browsers which support mediaqueries and its orientation selector.
  • In desktop browsers, orientation can only be derived from $(window).width() and $(window).height(), or from the .matches property of a matchMedia listener.

Note that all this need not apply for older browsers, not even the values of window.orientation! (See SO, SO, SO, Giff’s note)

So here now is my JavaScript code for screen orientation change detection:

function doOnOrientationChange(src)
{
  if (window.console && console.log) 
    console.log("width " + $(window).width() + " height " + $(window).height());

  var orientation = { 
    angle: window.orientation,
    type: ("onorientationchange" in window) ? "mobile" : "desktop"  
  };

  if (window.screen) {
    var o = window.screen.orientation || window.screen.mozOrientation 
      || window.screen.msOrientation || orientation;
    orientation = { angle: o.angle, type: o.type };
  } else if ((window.orientation === 0) || window.orientation) {
    orientation = { angle: window.orientation, type: "" + window.orientation + " degrees" };
  }
 
  if (!("onorientationchange" in window)) {
    var w = $(window).width(), h =$(window).height();
    var a = (w > h) ? 90 : 0;
    orientation.angle = a;
    if (window.console && console.log) 
      console.log("angle := " + a + " " + orientation.angle);
  }
 
  var jsonOrientation = JSON.stringify(
    { angle: orientation.angle, type: orientation.type });

  switch(orientation.angle) 
  { 
    case -90:
    case 90:
      // we are in landscape mode
      $().toastmessage('showNoticeToast', src + ' landscape ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      if (window.console && window.console.log) console.log(src + ' landscape ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      $("#orientation").text(src + ' landscape ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      break; 
    case 0:
    case 180:
      // we are in portrait mode
      $().toastmessage('showNoticeToast', src + ' portrait ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      if (window.console && window.console.log) console.log(src + ' portrait ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      $("#orientation").text(src + ' portrait ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      break; 
    default:
      // we have no idea
      $().toastmessage('showNoticeToast', src + ' unknown ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      if (window.console && window.console.log) console.log(src + ' unknown ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      $("#orientation").text(src + ' unknown ' + " " + jsonOrientation);
      break; 
  }
}

$(function () {

  if ("onorientationchange" in window) 
    window.addEventListener('orientationchange', 
      function() { doOnOrientationChange("window.orientationchange"); });
  //window.addEventListener('resize', 
  //    function() { doOnOrientationChange("window.resize") });
  if (window.screen && window.screen.orientation && window.screen.orientation.addEventListener)
    window.screen.orientation.addEventListener('change', 
      function() { doOnOrientationChange("screen.orientation.change"); });

  if (window.matchMedia) {
    var mql = window.matchMedia("(orientation: portrait)");
    mql.addListener(function(m) {
      if (m.matches) {
        doOnOrientationChange("mql-portrait");
      } else {
        doOnOrientationChange("mql-landscape");
      }
    });
  }

  doOnOrientationChange("init");
});

(I put the window.resize handler into comments because it generates too may events on desktop browsers.)

In this sample code, detection change only causes output of angle and orientation type to

  • $().toastmessage() – a jQuery extension
  • console.log
  • $(“#orientation”).text() – a jQuery call

Of course, your handlers may perform some useful actions…

Compiled Spam

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We encountered the unprocessed spam template nearly 2 years ago.

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Googlebot POSTS – using jQuery

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After I came up with the idea to log web application hits using jQuery, to my great surprise I found that Googlebot actually performs POSTs implemented as jQuery $.ajax() calls:

2014-01-15 09:46:04 POST /Log - - 66.249.64.45 
  Mozilla/5.0+(compatible;+Googlebot/2.1;++http://www.google.com/bot.html) - 200 0 0 255

Wow!

Searching the Interwebs I found other people who observed this behavior, too:

Most importantly, the links in Wikipedia’s Googlebot article analyze the bot’s behavior in more detail:

The articles are about 2 years old, so the bot may now be even more capable than then.

Of course, the simplest solution to prevent bots from POSTing is to add the logger’s URL to robots.txt:

User-agent: *
Disallow: /Log

 

Follower Spam?

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The internet gets stranger and stranger. After referrer spam, which I understand would only target blog admins, the latest trend is follower spam. Really?

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Wow, I really became popular only within a couple of hours! 😉

If you have a template, someone needs to process it, too

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Just came along this post by Scott Hanselman, and I feel the need to share it, so that the template bots have the opportunity for commenting on their template 😉

(My guess is that the template engine does not support nested templates, but who knows?)

{
{I have|I've} been {surfing|browsing} online more than {three|3|2|4} hours 
today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. {It's|It
is} pretty worth enough for me. {In my opinion|Personally|In my view}, 
if all {webmasters|site owners|website owners|web owners} and bloggers 
made good content as you did, the {internet|net|web} will be 
{much more|a lot more} useful than ever before.|
I {couldn't|could not} {resist|refrain from} commenting. 
{Very well|Perfectly|Well|Exceptionally well} written!|
{I will|I'll} {right away|immediately} {take hold of|grab|clutch|grasp|seize|snatch}
your {rss|rss feed} as I {can not|can't} {in finding|find|to find} your 
{email|e-mail} subscription {link|hyperlink} or {newsletter|e-newsletter} 
service. Do {you have|you've} any?
{Please|Kindly} {allow|permit|let} me {realize|recognize|understand|recognise|know} 
{so that|in order that} I {may just|may|could} subscribe.
Thanks.|
{It is|It's} {appropriate|perfect|the best} time to make some plans for 
the future and {it is|it's} time to be happy.
{I have|I've} read this post and if I could I {want to|wish to|desire to} suggest 
you {few|some} interesting things or {advice|suggestions|tips}. {Perhaps|Maybe} 
you {could|can} write next articles referring to this article. I {want to|wish to|desire to} 
read {more|even more} things about it!|
{It is|It's} {appropriate|perfect|the best} time to make {a few|some} plans for 
{the future|the longer term|the long run} and {it is|it's} time to be happy. 
{I have|I've} {read|learn} this {post|submit|publish|put up} and
if I {may just|may|could} I {want to|wish to|desire to} {suggest|recommend|counsel} 
you {few|some} {interesting|fascinating|attention-grabbing} {things|issues} or 
{advice|suggestions|tips}.
{Perhaps|Maybe} you {could|can} write {next|subsequent} articles {relating to|referring to|regarding} 
this article.
I {want to|wish to|desire to} {read|learn} {more|even more} {things|issues} 
{approximately|about} it!|{I have|I've} been {surfing|browsing} {online|on-line} 
{more than|greater than} {three|3} hours {these days|nowadays|today|lately|as of late}, 
{yet|but} I {never|by no means} {found|discovered} any {interesting|fascinating|attention-grabbing} 
article like yours. {It's|It is} {lovely|pretty|beautiful} {worth|value|price} 
{enough|sufficient} for me. {In my opinion|Personally|In my view},
if all {webmasters|site owners|website owners|web owners} and bloggers made 
{just right|good|excellent} {content|content material} as {you did|you probably did}, 
the {internet|net|web} {will be|shall be|might be|will probably be|can be|will likely be} 
{much more|a lot more} {useful|helpful} than ever before.| 
Ahaa, its {nice|pleasant|good|fastidious} {discussion|conversation|dialogue} 
{regarding|concerning|about|on the topic of} this {article|post|piece of writing|paragraph} 
{here|at this place} at this {blog|weblog|webpage|website|web site}, I have read all
that, so {now|at this time} me also commenting {here|at this place}.|
I am sure this {article|post|piece of writing|paragraph}
has touched all the internet {users|people|viewers|visitors}, its really really 
{nice|pleasant|good|fastidious} {article|post|piece of writing|paragraph} on
building up new {blog|weblog|webpage|website|web site}.
|
Wow, this {article|post|piece of writing|paragraph} is {nice|pleasant|good|fastidious}, my
{sister|younger sister} is analyzing {such|these|these kinds of} things, 
{so|thus|therefore} I am going to {tell|inform|let know|convey} her.|
{Saved as a favorite|bookmarked!!}, {I really like|I
like|I love} {your blog|your site|your web site|your website}!
|
Way cool! Some {very|extremely} valid points! I
appreciate you {writing this|penning this} {article|post|write-up} 
{and the|and also the|plus the} rest of the {site is|website is} 
{also very|extremely|very|also really|really} good.
|
Hi, {I do believe|I do think} {this is an excellent|this is a great} 
{blog|website|web site|site}. I stumbledupon it ;) {I will|I am going
to|I'm going to|I may} {come back|return|revisit} {once again|yet again} 
{since I|since i have} {bookmarked|book marked|book-marked|saved as a favorite} 
it. Money and freedom {is the best|is the greatest} way to change, may you be 
rich and continue to {help|guide} {other people|others}.|
Woah! I'm really {loving|enjoying|digging} the template/theme of this 
{site|website|blog}.
It's simple, yet effective. A lot of times it's {very hard|very difficult|challenging|tough|difficult|hard} 
to get that "perfect balance" between {superb usability|user friendliness|usability} 
and {visual appearance|visual appeal|appearance}.
I must say {that you've|you have|you've} done a {awesome|amazing|very good|superb|fantastic|excellent|great} 
job with this. {In addition|Additionally|Also}, the blog loads {very|extremely|super} 
{fast|quick} for me on {Safari|Internet explorer|Chrome|Opera|Firefox}.
{Superb|Exceptional|Outstanding|Excellent} Blog!
|
These are {really|actually|in fact|truly|genuinely} {great|enormous|impressive|wonderful|fantastic} ideas
in {regarding|concerning|about|on the topic of} blogging.
You have touched some {nice|pleasant|good|fastidious} {points|factors|things}
here. Any way keep up wrinting.|
{I love|I really like|I enjoy|I like|Everyone loves} what you guys
{are|are usually|tend to be} up too. {This sort
of|This type of|Such|This kind of} clever work and {exposure|coverage|reporting}!

Keep up the {superb|terrific|very good|great|good|awesome|fantastic|excellent|amazing|wonderful} 
works guys I've {incorporated||added|included} you guys to {|my|our||my personal|my own} 
blogroll.|
{Howdy|Hi there|Hey there|Hi|Hello|Hey}! Someone in my {Myspace|Facebook} group shared 
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I'm {book-marking|bookmarking} and will be tweeting this to my followers! 
{Terrific|Wonderful|Great|Fantastic|Outstanding|Exceptional|Superb|Excellent} blog and 
{wonderful|terrific|brilliant|amazing|great|excellent|fantastic|outstanding|superb} 
{style and design|design and style|design}.|
{I love|I really like|I enjoy|I like|Everyone loves} what you guys {are|are usually|tend to be} 
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works guys I've {incorporated|added|included} you guys to
{|my|our|my personal|my own} blogroll.|
{Howdy|Hi there|Hey there|Hi|Hello|Hey} would you mind {stating|sharing} which blog 
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{in the near future|soon} but I'm having a {tough|difficult|hard} time 
{making a decision|selecting|choosing|deciding} between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. 
The reason I ask is because your {design and style|design|layout} seems different then 
most blogs and I'm looking for something {completely unique|unique}. P.S 
{My apologies|Apologies|Sorry} for {getting|being} off-topic but
I had to ask!|
{Howdy|Hi there|Hi|Hey there|Hello|Hey} would you mind letting
me know which {webhost|hosting company|web host} you're {utilizing|working with|using}? 
I've loaded your blog in 3 {completely different|different} {internet browsers|web browsers|browsers} 
and I must say this blog loads a lot {quicker|faster} then most.

Can you {suggest|recommend} a good {internet
hosting|web hosting|hosting} provider at a {honest|reasonable|fair}
price? {Thanks a lot|Kudos|Cheers|Thank you|Many thanks|Thanks}, I
appreciate it!|
{I love|I really like|I like|Everyone loves} it {when people|when individuals|when folks|whenever people} 
{come together|get together} and share {opinions|thoughts|views|ideas}. 
Great {blog|website|site}, {keep it up|continue the good work|stick with it}!|
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Look advanced to {far|more} added agreeable from you! {By the way|However}, how 
{can|could} we communicate?
|
{Howdy|Hi there|Hey there|Hello|Hey} just wanted to give you a quick heads up.

The {text|words} in your {content|post|article} seem to be running off
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I'm not sure if this is a {format|formatting} issue or something to do with 
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post to let you know. The {style and design|design
and style|layout|design} look great though! Hope you get the {problem|issue} 
{solved|resolved|fixed} soon.

{Kudos|Cheers|Many thanks|Thanks}|
This is a topic {that is|that's|which is} {close to|near to} my heart... 
{Cheers|Many thanks|Best wishes|Take care|Thank you}! {Where|Exactly where} are 
your contact details though?|
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to find out any {topic|matter} on {net|web} as compared to {books|textbooks}, as 
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{Hola|Hey there|Hi|Hello|Greetings}! I've been {following|reading} your {site|web site|website|weblog|blog} 
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{job|work}!|
Greetings from {Idaho|Carolina|Ohio|Colorado|Florida|Los angeles|California}!

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{site|blog}!
|
Its {like you|such as you} {read|learn} my {mind|thoughts}!
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{Thanks a lot|Thanks|Many thanks} for sharing!|
{I really|I truly|I seriously|I absolutely} love {your blog|your site|your website}.. 
{Very nice|Excellent|Pleasant|Great} colors & theme. Did you {create|develop|make|build} 
{this website|this site|this web site|this amazing site} yourself? Please reply back 
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theme {is called|is named}. {Thanks|Many thanks|Thank you|Cheers|Appreciate it|Kudos}!|
{Hi there|Hello there|Howdy}! This {post|article|blog post} {couldn't|could not} 
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{he will|he'll|he's going to} {have a good|have a very good|have a great} read. 
{Thank you for|Thanks for|Many thanks for|I appreciate you for} sharing!|
{Wow|Whoa|Incredible|Amazing}! This blog looks {exactly|just} like my old one! It's on a 
{completely|entirely|totally} different {topic|subject} but it has pretty much the same 
{layout|page layout} and design. {Excellent|Wonderful|Great|Outstanding|Superb} 
choice of colors!|
{There is|There's} {definately|certainly} {a lot to|a great deal to} {know about|learn about|find out about} 
this {subject|topic|issue}. {I like|I love|I really like} {all the|all of the} points 
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{I have|I've got|I have got} you {bookmarked|book marked|book-marked|saved as a favorite} 
{to check out|to look at} new {stuff you|things you} post

From Russia with DDOS

Posted on by
11

Last week one of my WordPress installations got hit by a distributed admin password attack.

Over the course of ~24 hours, about 1.800 attempts to log in as administrator have been made, originating from over 500 IP addresses world-wide.

The requests always had the same sequence:

GET /administrator
GET /administrator/
POST /administrator/index.php

The requests continued until I finally “hid” (i.e. renamed) the login script and replaced it with an empty file without input controls. About 15 minutes the requests stopped.



The requests mainly originated from Asia, especially Russia and neighboring states: